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Nizam al-Mulk
Abu Ali Hasan ibn Ali Tusi (April 10, 1018 – October 14, 1092), better known by his honorific title of Nizam al-Mulk ((ペルシア語:نظامالملک), "Order of the Realm") was a Persian〔Gustave E. Von Grunebaum, Katherine Watson, ''Classical Islam: A History, 600 A.D. to 1258 A.D.'', Translated by Katherine Watson Published by Aldine Transaction, 2005. page 155〕 scholar and vizier of the Seljuq Empire. He held near absolute power for 20 years after the assassination of Alp Arslan in 1072. One of his most important legacies was founding madrasas in cities throughout the Persian Empire. These were called "nezamiyehs" after him.
==Early life and service to the Ghaznavids==
Abu Ali Hasan was born on April 10, 1018 in a small village named ''Radkan'', near Tus, in Iran, to a dehqan family.〔(NIẒĀM AL-MULK ), Encyclopaedia Britannica〕〔''The Turks and Islam to the Thirteenth Century.'' In: René Grousset: ''The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia.'' Rutgers University Press, 1970, S. 153 ff.〕〔Fossier, Airlie, Marsack: ''The Cambridge illustrated history of the Middle Ages.'' Cambridge University Press, 1997, S. 159.〕 His father Ali ibn Ishak served as a financial officer to the Ghaznavids.〔H. Bowen, C.E. Bosworth: ''Niẓām al-Mulk.'' In: ''Encyclopaedia of Islam.''〕 However, when the Seljuq Turks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanaqan in 1040, and conquered Khorasan, Abu Ali Hasan's father fled to Ghazni, where Abu Ali Hasan was working within the government, and spent three years working there until he left the city.
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